Marguerite Daisy (Paris Daisy) care

The Marguerite Daisy flower – known by its Latin name Argyranthemum frutescens – is a perennial plant, but in cooler climates, it is grown as an annual. Its other popular name is Paris Daisy. It belongs to the Asteraceae family and originates from the Canary Islands, where it grows wild from coastal areas to higher mountainous regions. The Mediterranean-like climate of the Canary Islands, with mild winters and warm summers, provided ideal conditions for the development of the Marguerite Daisy.

European botanists began documenting the flora of the Canary Islands as early as the 16th century, but the Marguerite Daisy only gained real attention in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was officially described during this period and was initially classified under the Chrysanthemum genus, later reclassified into the Argyranthemum genus.

Description of Marguerite Daisy

The Marguerite Daisy (Paris Daisy) typically grows to a height of 24-35 inches (60-90 cm) but can reach up to 3 feet (1 meter). It can also spread to similar dimensions. The plant grows rapidly. Without shaping, it naturally forms a bushy, rounded shape with finely divided, fern-like foliage but can also be trained into a small tree form. Its leaves are dark green with a slightly bluish hue, divided into several small leaflets.

White large-flowered Marguerite Daisy - Paris Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens)

The flowers are the main ornamental feature of the Marguerite Daisy. The most common colors are white, pink, and yellow, but less commonly, they can also be found in blue. The flower diameter is approximately 2-3 inches (5-8 cm), blooming abundantly from late spring to autumn, depending on the climate. It is often used as a filler plant in garden borders, containers, and mixed beds. It can be planted directly in the garden or grown in pots and balcony planters.

The colorful flowers of the Marguerite Daisy attract beneficial pollinators, such as bees and butterflies, thus supporting the local ecosystem.

Common alternative names for the Marguerite Daisy include Paris Daisy, Colorful marguerite, Shrub daisy, Cobbitty Daisy, all referring to the same plant.

Marguerite Daisy care

Caring for the Marguerite Daisy flower: it has high light requirements, needing at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. The ideal temperature range is between 64 - 81 °F (18 - 27 °C), but if the temperature exceeds 90 °F (32 °C) for extended periods, shading will be necessary. It requires moderate watering; allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Fertilization and nutrient supplementation support plant development.

Light Requirements for Marguerite Daisy

The Marguerite Daisy has high light requirements, needing at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. This ensures the most abundant flowering. Although it can tolerate partial shade, less sunlight will result in fewer flowers and leggy growth.

During extremely hot weather, it is advisable to protect the plant from the intense afternoon sun to prevent leaf scorching and flower wilting.

When grown indoors, ensure the Marguerite Daisy receives as much light as possible. Place it in the brightest window or near it. A south or west-facing window is ideal. If the room is very bright, consider shielding the Paris Daisy with a light curtain to prevent leaf burn.

Temperature Requirements for Marguerite Daisy

The Marguerite Daisy is a heat-tolerant plant that thrives in warm climates. The ideal daytime temperature is 64 - 81 °F (18 - 27 °C), while the ideal nighttime temperature is between 50 - 60 °F (10 - 15 °C). These cooler evening temperatures help the plant recover from the daytime heat.

If temperatures exceed 85 °F (29 °C), the plant may experience stress, especially if not adequately watered. When temperatures persist above 90 °F (32 °C), shading will be necessary. If high temperatures are accompanied by low humidity, increased watering will also be required.

Yellow bushy Marguerite Daisy - Paris Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens)

Watering Marguerite Daisy

The Marguerite Daisy has moderate water needs. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, as overwatering can lead to root rot. Wait until the top 1 inch (2-3 cm) of the soil appears dry before watering again.

In cooler periods, watering once a week may suffice, whereas in warmer weather, watering may be necessary every few days. Mulching helps retain soil moisture.

Water the plant at the base rather than from above, as the plant is susceptible to fungal diseases. Additionally, this ensures that water reaches the roots effectively.

Though relatively drought-tolerant, misting the leaves in extreme heat can be beneficial. Do this in the morning so that the leaves have time to dry by evening, preventing fungal infections.

Fertilizing Marguerite Daisy

Nutrient supplementation is beneficial for the Marguerite Daisy. Slow-release granules can be mixed into the soil at planting, as well as organic compost or liquid fertilizers. Opt for a balanced NPK fertilizer, such as 3-3-3.

Slow-release granules applied at planting will provide a steady nutrient supply for months. Similarly, organic fertilizers (compost, aged manure) can be added during planting or to refresh the soil.

For liquid fertilizers, apply every 2 - 4 weeks. These nutrients are quickly absorbed, supporting growth and flowering, especially during the active growing period. Dilute the fertilizer according to the package instructions.

During flowering, a higher phosphorus fertilizer (e.g., NPK 3-6-3) can be used to promote more abundant blooms. However, over-fertilizing can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowering.

In late autumn and winter, reduce or stop fertilizing altogether, resuming in spring when new growth appears.

Planting and repotting Marguerite Daisy

Spring is the best time to plant or transplant Marguerite Daisys, after the danger of frost has passed. This gives the plant ample time to establish itself before the heat of summer. In regions with mild winters, planting in autumn allows the roots to develop during the mild winter months.

Select well-draining soil for planting or transplanting, with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0 - 7.0). If the soil is heavy and clayey, amend it with compost, sand, perlite, or vermiculite to improve drainage.

Planting in the Garden

When planting Marguerite Daisys in the garden, loosen the soil to a depth of 12 - 16 inches (30 - 40 cm), mixing in compost or manure to enrich the soil. When transplanting, dig around the plant 6 - 8 inches (15 - 20 cm) away from the stem to avoid damaging the roots. Lift the plant carefully, keeping the root ball intact.

If planting multiple Marguerite Daisies, space them 12 - 18 inches (30 - 45 cm) apart to ensure adequate airflow and room for bushy growth.

Pink Marguerite Daisy in a pot - Paris Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens)

Planting potted Marguerite Daisy

When caring for a potted Marguerite Daisy, fill the pot with a pre-mixed, nutrient-enriched soil. Choose a pot with a diameter of at least 12 inches (30 cm) and ensure it has drainage holes at the bottom.

When transplanting a potted Marguerite Daisy, carefully remove it from its pot and gently loosen the roots if they are too tightly bound. It is advisable to repot or refresh its soil every 1-2 years to provide sufficient nutrients.

Planting process

To plant a Marguerite Daisy, dig a hole as deep as the root ball and twice as wide. Place the plant so that the top of the root ball is level with the soil surface. Then, fill in the hole and gently press down the soil.

After planting, water thoroughly to settle the soil. For the first few weeks, water more frequently to help the roots establish, but ensure the soil is not waterlogged. Start fertilizing 4-6 weeks after planting.

To retain moisture in the soil during hot summers, apply a layer of mulch on the surface. Keep a 1 inch (2-3 cm) gap around the base of the plant to prevent moisture buildup. You can use store-bought mulch or home compost, straw, or pine bark.

Some wilting after transplanting is normal, but if it persists, it could be a sign of transplant shock. Ensure regular watering and, if necessary, provide some shade until the plant regains its strength.

Winte care and overwintering Marguerite Daisy

In temperate climates, Marguerite daisy is grown as an annual, while in warmer regions, it can be grown as a perennial. It is only cold-hardy in regions with mild winters. Since it is frost-sensitive, it must be protected in areas where winter temperatures drop below freezing.

Leave it outdoors only if winters are frost-free. Even then, if temperatures drop below 50°F (10°C), protect the roots with a thicker layer of mulch. You can also cover the entire plant with frost protection fabric to shield it from cold winds.

For potted or balcony-grown Marguerite Daisies, move them to a frost-free but bright location if you want to keep them as perennials. Even in winter, it is important that the plant receives 6-8 hours of sunlight daily to prevent legginess.

Keep the temperature stable between 50 - 64°F (10 - 18°C). Avoid placing it near radiators or in drafty areas. The less light the plant gets, the cooler it should be kept.

During winter, reduce the watering frequency as the plant requires less water, but do not let the soil dry out completely.

Blooming of Marguerite Daisy

Marguerite Daisy is known for its long-lasting blooms and vibrant flowers. It typically blooms from late spring to autumn. In warmer climates with mild winters, it may even bloom year-round. The flower size ranges from 1 - 2 inches (2 - 5 cm), with both small and large varieties available.

The flowers come in various colors, including white, cream, yellow, pink, red, purple, and their different shades. Each stem bears a single flower that lasts several days before wilting. The plant continuously produces new flowers, keeping it decorative for months.

Regularly remove the spent flowers to encourage the plant to produce more blooms. Pinch off the flower stem where it meets the foliage. However, if you plan to collect seeds for propagation, leave some spent flowers to dry and collect the seeds later.

Training Marguerite Daisy as a Tree

With dedication, the Marguerite Daisy can be trained into a tree form, creating a striking display with dense flowers and bushy foliage. Typically, it grows as a shrubby perennial or annual, but with pruning and proper care, it can be shaped into a tree form. Such a plant is often referred to as Marguerite Daisy Tree.

In regions with cold winters, it is advisable to grow it in a pot, as it may not survive outdoors. Start with a young plant, as it is easier to shape. Use a sturdy stake to support the main stem and tie it loosely to the stake using soft material.

As the plant grows, continuously remove lower branches and side shoots, focusing on developing a strong central stem, which will form the trunk. Allow the top to grow to form the crown.

Once the desired height is reached (usually 24 - 35 inches / 60 - 90 cm), encourage branching by pinching the growing tips of the upper shoots. From this point, prune regularly to maintain the desired shape.

For a more colorful display, plant multiple marguerites of different colors together and train them as a single 'tree' by tying their main stems to the same support.

Pruning and thinning Marguerite Daisy

Pruning the Marguerite Daisy encourages a bushier growth habit and helps maintain the desired shape. Removing spent flowers promotes further blooming. Trimming away dead, weak, or damaged parts keeps the plant healthy.

In early spring, perform light pruning to remove dead or damaged growth from the winter.

During the growing season from spring to autumn, regularly remove spent flowers by cutting back the stem just above a leaf node or a new bud.

If the plant becomes too dense, thin it out by cutting back some of the inner stems, allowing better air circulation and light penetration.

Before winter, perform a more extensive pruning. Once blooming has ceased, cut the plant back by half or even to one-third of its size. Focus on removing weak, dry, or diseased stems to refresh the plant for the colder months.

Propagating Marguerite Daisy

Marguerite Daisy can be propagated through division, cuttings, and seeds. The advantage of propagation through cuttings is that it can be done almost anytime and results in relatively quick establishment. Division and seed propagation, however, are more season-dependent.

Propagating by division

The best time to divide a Marguerite Daisy plant is in early spring or late summer/fall, when the plant is either not yet blooming or has nearly finished blooming.

Select a strong, mature, healthy plant, carefully lift it from the soil, and gently separate the root ball into several sections, ensuring each section has some stems and roots.

After division, plant the sections in their new locations and water thoroughly. Protect the newly divided plants from direct sunlight for the first few weeks to aid recovery.

Propagating by cuttings

Propagating Marguerite Daisy by cuttings can be done any time of the year, but late spring or early summer is ideal as the plant is actively growing. This increases the chances of rooting.

You can also use healthy cuttings obtained during routine pruning.

Cut a 4 - 6 inches (10-15 cm) stem just below a leaf node. Remove the lower leaves, as roots will develop from these points.

Optionally, dip the cut end in rooting hormone to stimulate root development.

Insert the cutting 1 - 2 inches (3 - 5 cm) deep in well-draining potting mix. Water lightly and maintain moisture, but avoid waterlogging.

Cover the pot with a plastic bag or glass jar to retain humidity, and place it in a bright, indirect light location. After 4-6 weeks, roots should form, and the cutting can be transplanted to its final location.

Propagating Marguerite Daisy from seeds

Propagating Marguerite Daisy flowers from seeds is the longest process of growing new plants. In the first year, the roots and seedlings develop, and they usually only start flowering from the second year.

Sowing can be done in spring, summer, or autumn. It is important to wait until the risk of frost has definitely passed if sowing in spring. In the case of autumn sowing, sow the seeds at least two months before the expected frosts. If your region experiences winter frosts, sow the seeds indoors in autumn and move them outdoors only in spring, as the plant is sensitive to frost.

Colorful Shrub Marguerite Daisy - Paris Daisy in the garden (Argyranthemum frutescens)

You can collect seeds from your own plant by allowing the flowers to wither on the plant. Once they appear dry enough, cut off the flower head and leave it in the sun until it is completely dry and crispy, to the point where it crumbles easily in your hand. Then, you can simply rub out the seeds from the center of the flower (the previously yellow part).

Plant the seeds in very loose soil, but do not plant them too deep, as they need light to germinate. Plant them at a maximum depth of half a centimeter, but for most varieties, 0.08-0.12 inches (2 - 3 mm) is sufficient. Leave a distance of 4 - 6 inches (10 - 15 cm) between the seeds.

Create small indentations for the seeds, then drop one or two seeds into each hole and cover them very lightly with soil. This is only necessary to prevent birds from eating the seeds. If birds are not a concern, you do not need to cover the seeds with soil, but press them lightly into the soil.

Finally, water the seeds gently. Use a spray nozzle to prevent the seeds from being washed away from the soil. In the weeks and months following sowing, keep the soil consistently moist, but allow the top 1 -2 inches (3 - 6 cm) layer of soil to dry out between waterings.

Place the pot or seed tray in a bright location, but protected from direct sunlight. The ideal temperature for germination is between 64 - 70 °F (18 - 21 °C). To maintain humidity, you can cover the pot with a plastic bag or foil.

The seeds usually germinate within 1 - 2 weeks. If the seedling has a few true leaves and reaches a height of approximately 6 inches (15 cm), it can be transplanted to its final location.

Diseases, pests, and main causes of Marguerite Daisy decline

Marguerite Daisy (Paris Daisy) can be susceptible to several diseases and pests. The most common are fungal infections and root rot, which can be avoided with proper care. It is best to water the plant from below, at the base, avoiding wetting the leaves, and do not overwater.

Marguerite Daisy diseases

Root rot is a fungal or bacterial disease caused by overwatering, resulting in too much water in the soil. In this case, the leaves wilt, the stem becomes watery, and the plant becomes soft. Ensure that the soil does not remain waterlogged.

Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt are caused by various fungal infections. Infected plants will wilt and droop as the fungus blocks the water and nutrient channels. In severe cases, the entire plant may wilt. Treat with fungicide sprays.

Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that appears as a white, powdery coating on the leaves and stems. The leaves may become deformed and dry out. High humidity and poor ventilation increase the risk of infection. Remove infected parts, and in severe cases, use fungicide.

Leaf spot is a fungal or bacterial infection that causes brown or black spots on the leaves, often with a yellow edge. High humidity and lack of ventilation can trigger this condition. Remove affected leaves and improve air circulation around the plant.

Agrobacterium crown gall enters through wounds in the plant. Infected plants will show stunted growth and may form galls or knots at the base of the stems or roots. The bacteria can persist in the soil for up to two years. Unfortunately, there is no known treatment.

Gray mold or rust appears as orange, red, or brown spots on the leaves, indicating a fungal infection. Remove infected leaves and ensure better air circulation. In severe cases, use fungicide sprays.

Pink Marguerite Daisy flower - Paris Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens)

Marguerite Daisy pests

Aphids are small green or black insects that gather on the underside of leaves. They leave behind a sticky substance called honeydew and suck the sap from the plant. You can try rinsing them off with water, or use neem oil. If this does not help, apply insecticide.

Spider mites are tiny red or brown insects that live on the underside of leaves. The presence of fine webs between leaves may indicate their presence. They suck the sap from the plant, causing the leaves to become spotty and yellow. Rinse them off with water, use neem oil, or apply insecticide.

Whiteflies are small flying insects that settle on the underside of leaves. When the plant is shaken, they fly up in a cloud. They cause yellowing of the leaves and weaken the plant. Use sticky fly traps or neem oil against them.

Slugs may attack in the garden, chewing holes in leaves and flowers, leaving irregular holes behind. Collect them by hand early in the morning or at night when they are most active. Additional slug control methods can also be applied.

Caterpillars may also find their way to the plant, chewing the leaves. You can try removing them by hand.

Environmental factors, incorrect care for Marguerite Daisy

Signs of overwatering include yellowing leaves, soft stems, and browning from the bottom up. This indicates root rot. Unfortunately, if symptoms are severe, the plant may not be salvageable. In this case, the only option is to find a few healthy cuttings and propagate them.

Signs of underwatering include wilting leaves, dry brown edges of leaves, and reduced flowering. If noticed in time, watering the plant can restore it.

Extreme heat and overly strong direct sunlight can burn the leaves, causing them to drop off, and growth may cease. In such cases, provide shade for the plant.

Insufficient light can result in poor flowering and yellowing leaves. Ensure the plant receives at least 6 - 8 hours of sunlight daily.

A nutrient-deficient soil may result in slow or stunted growth, and the plant may produce few or no flowers. Refresh the soil with compost or apply fertilizer.

Excessive nutrients may cause vigorous growth and bushiness, but at the expense of flowering. Ensure a balanced nutrient supply, whether compost, manure, or fertilizer.

Is Marguerite Daisy toxic?

Marguerite Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens) is a non-toxic plant. Generally, it poses no danger to humans or pets. However, as with many plants, consuming large quantities may cause mild digestive discomfort.